There are two candles. Both will only burn exactly for an hour. How will you use these two candles to measure forty-five minutes?

Can you find the least possible number such that

If the number is divided by 3, it gives the remainder of 1;
If the number is divided by 4, it gives the remainder of 2;
If the number is divided by 5, it gives the remainder of 3;
If the number is divided by 6, it gives the remainder of 4.

The more of this there is, the less you see. What is it?

Look at this sequence from top to bottom. What is the next number in the sequence?
1
11
21
1211
111221
312211

A Doctor always sneezes before the rain. Doctor sneezes, Will it rain?

P is the father of Q and S is the son of R. T is the brother of P and has a daughter U. If R is the sister of P, then what is the relation between U, Q and S?

I have eight fingers and two thumbs but I do not live. What Am I?

The host of a game show offers the guest a choice of three doors. Behind one is an expensive car, but behind the other two are goats.
After you have chosen one door, he reveals one of the other two doors behind which is a goat (he wouldn't reveal a car).

Now he gives you the chance to switch to the other unrevealed door or stay at your initial choice. You will then get what is behind that door.

You cannot hear the goats from behind the doors, or in any way know which door has the prize.

Should you stay, or switch, or doesn't it matter?

What does an Island and the letter T have in common?

Can you decipher these quotes by Albert Einstein?
Blf xzm mvevi hloev z kilyovn lm gsv ovevo lm dsrxs rg dzh xivzgvw.