I have a five and a three-gallon jar. Assuming there is an infinite supply of water, how can I measure one-gallon water?

Count the number of balls in picture below:

There are people and strange monkeys on this island, and you can not tell who is who (Edit: until you understand what they said - see below). They speak either only the truth or only lies.
Who are the following two guys?
A: B is a lying monkey. I am human.
B: A is telling the truth.

Can you complete the sequence puzzle?

AR TA GE CA LE VI LI _

Prove that the below maths equation is true.

8 + 8 = 91

A convention is held where all the big logicians are summoned. The master places a band on everyone's forehead. Now all of them can see others bands but can't see his own. Then they are told that there are different colours of bands. All the logicians sit in circle and they are further explained that a bell will ring at regular intervals. The moment when a logician knew the colour of band on his forehead, he will leave at the next bell. If anyone leaves at the wrong bell, he will be disqualified.

The master assures the logicians that the puzzle will not be impossible for anyone of them. How will the logicians manage ?

If,

Akriti = 631
Levis = 521
Sroti = 521
Aneel = 533
Then,
Sunil =?

What jumps when it walks and sits when it stands?

John was working on a Chemical Mixture whose weight comprise 90% liquid and 10% solid. The total weight of the mixture is 20 pounds. After a while, John noticed that some of the liquid evaporated and now the liquid comprises just 50% of the weight.

What is the weight of the chemical mixture now?

Bay of Bengal is in which state?