Can you solve below mathematical equation?

2^1234 - 2^1233

I have cities, but no houses. I have mountains, but no trees. I have water, but no fish. What am I?

What is the word or phrase?

There are 2 sand hourglasses.

The small one can measure 5 hours and the large one can measure 7 hours.

How can we measure 16 hours with 2 sand hourglasses running together ?

I sleep during the day and fly at night, but I have no feathers to aid my flight. What am I?

Distances from you to certain cities are written below.

BERLIN 200 miles

PARIS 300 miles

ROME 400 milesAMSTERDAM 300 miles

CARDIFF ??? miles

How far should it be to Cardiff ?

In the image given, you can find several triangles. Can you count them all?

Can you replace the question mark with the correct number in the below table sequence?

You are provided with a grid (as shown in the picture). Can you fill the squares with numbers 1-8 in a manner that none of the two consecutive numbers are placed next to each other in any direction (vertically, horizontally or diagonally?)

How will you measure 15 minutes using two hourglasses of 7 minutes and 11 minutes respectively?