Can you solve below mathematical equation?

2^1234 - 2^1233

Can you decipher the below rebus?

PBLUESAISNUERSES

John gave half of the apples he had plus one more to Jacob. He gave half of the remaining ones plus one more to James. Now, John was left with just one apple.

Can you find out how many did he have in the beginning?

John, a 5-year-old boy, was really fond of the chocolates. He asked his Mother to give him some money to buy his favourite chocolates. His Mother gave him $45. He went to the shopkeeper and asked, "How much is one chocolate for?". The shopkeeper said $3 for one chocolate. Also, if you give me the wrappers of three chocolates, I will give you one for the exchange.
In total, how much chocolate could John eat?

John Went to the nearby store in a Mall to buy something for her home. Below is the conversation between the two:

John: How much for the one?
Shopkeeper: It is $2
John: How much for the Eleven?
Shopkeeper: It is $4
John: How much for the Hundred?
Shopkeeper: It is $6.

What is John buying?

Andrew’s doctor gives him three pills and tells him to take one every half hour. How much time will have passed by the time Andrew’s taken all three pills?

You can see it everyday, But cannot touch it at will. What is it?

A man is approaching a broad and barren land. He has a package with him. If somehow, he is unable to open the package before reaching the land, he will die.

Can you guess what is present in the package?

You are mixing a mixture of cement and Sand with five gallons of water. You have a garden hose giving you all the water you need. The problem is that you only have a four-gallon bucket and a seven-gallon bucket and neither has graduation marks. Find a method to measure five gallons.

There are people and strange monkeys on this island, and you can not tell who is who (Edit: until you understand what they said - see below). They speak either only the truth or only lies.
Who are the following two guys?
A: B is a lying monkey. I am human.
B: A is telling the truth.