13 decks of cards have been mixed. What is the minimum number of cards that must be taken out from the above-mixed cards to guarantee at least one 'four of a kind?

Astrology starts with the alphabet A, Biology starts with B, Psychology with P and Limnology with L.

Can you find an "ology" that begins with a P?

Create a number using only the digits 4,4,3,3,2,2,1 and 1. So i can only be eight digits. You have to make sure the ones are separated by one digit, the twos are separated by two digits the threes are separated with three digits and the fours are separated by four digits

There is a basket full of hats. Three are white and two are black. Three men, Tom, Tim, and Jim, each take a hat out of the basket and put it on their heads without seeing the hat they selected or the hats the other men selected. The men arrange themselves so Tom can see Tim and Jim’s hats, Tim can see Jim’s hat, and Jim can’t see anyone’s hat. Tom is asked what color his hat is and he says he doesn’t know. Tim is asked the same question, and he also doesn’t know. Finally, Jim is asked the question, and he does know. What colour is his hat?

Intelligence Agency need to break the vault but the problem is that they are not able to break the vault.

On the vault, a text is written as:

31 11 33 33 43 45
21 25
31 24 11 31 51 41

To Break the code Intelligence Agency brings a mathematician named Joseph.
Minutes later he deciphers the code.

Whats the code?

John said, "If yesterday was tomorrow, today would be Friday."

When did John make this statement?

If I put in one canary per cage, I have one bird too many. If I put in two canaries per cage, I have one cage too many. How many cages and canaries do I have?

Through your logical capabilities, can you make 7 an even?

What you cannot hold but it is yours?

During a secret mission, an agent gave the following code to the higher authorities
AIM DUE OAT TIE MOD

However, the information is in one word only and the rest are fake. To assist the authorities in understanding better, he also sent them a clue, If I tell you any one character of the code, you can easily find out the number of vowels in the codeword.

Can you find out the code word?