A and B have a certain number of chocolates with them. If B gives one chocolate to A, they will have an equal number of chocolates. But if A gives one chocolate to B, then A will be left with half the number of chocolates that B has.
Can you find out the number of chocolates they have right now?
You are in a room that has three switches and a closed door. The switches control three light bulbs on the other side of the door. Once you open the door, you may never touch the switches again. How can you definitively tell which switch is connected to each of the light bulbs?