My friends called me Iron59 because my parents are a chemist and a mathematician. What is my real name?

Decode the below four famous ciphers:

8P of the SS
1M of the E
1S of the SS
60M in 1H

I know a nine-letter word having only one vowel.
Do you ?

On my way to St. Ives I saw a man with 7 wives. Each wife had 7 sacks. Each sack had 7 cats. Each cat had 7 kittens. Kittens, cats, sacks, wives. How many were going to St. Ives?

My thunder comes before the lightning; my lightning comes before clouds; my rain dries all the land it touches. What am I?

There is a square of a particular number which when doubled, becomes 7 more than its quarter.

Can you find the number?

Replace the 'X' with any mathematical symbol to make the expression equal to 111.

18 X 12 X 2 X 3 = 111

I am a three digit number.
My tens digit is five more than my ones digit.
My hundreds digit is eight less than my tens digit.
What number am I?

Intelligence Agency need to break the vault but the problem is that they are not able to break the vault.

On the vault, a text is written as:

31 11 33 33 43 45
21 25
31 24 11 31 51 41

To Break the code Intelligence Agency brings a mathematician named Joseph.
Minutes later he deciphers the code.

Whats the code?

Akbar called Birbal and asked him to draw a line on the floor. He asked Birbal to make that line smaller without erasing it. Birbal smiled and did it before Akbar could blink his eyes.

How did he managed to do it?