Using Only Five 5's and any mathematical operator make sum as 37

When we see 2 but call 10?

The first person saw the bridge step on it and crossed,
the second person saw the bridge did not step on it but crossed,
the third person did not see the bridge did not step on it but crossed.
Who are these people?

There are people and strange monkeys on this island, and you can not tell who is who (Edit: until you understand what they said - see below). They speak either only the truth or only lies.
Who are the following two guys?
A: B is a lying monkey. I am human.
B: A is telling the truth.

There is an exact a week gap between Christmas and New Year. Hence, It is obvious that the new year that comes right after Christmas comes on the same day of the week.

A Strange thing happened in the Year 1777. Christmas occurs on Wednesday and New Year on Monday. How is that possible?

On the dull night when the blonde was dozing, she heard an odd clamour and she saw that there was a bizarre man with a gun simply outside her home. So she raced to the telephone to call the police, however, she can't dial 911. Why?

Identify the next two numbers in this series.

101, 112, 131, 415, 161, 718, ???, ???

I have a big mouth and I am also quite loud! I am NOT a gossip but I do get involved with everyone's dirty business.

You are given four results as below:
1111 = F
2222 = E
3333 = T
Then, can you find out how to code 4444?

I have a five and a three-gallon jar. Assuming there is an infinite supply of water, how can I measure one-gallon water?